Friday, May 4, 2012

Network/Port Address Translation


In networking terms, Network Address Translation, NAT, is the process of modifying IP Address information in the headers of IP packet during the movement across a traffic routing device. The most basic type of NAT provides a one-to-one translation of IP addresses. RFC 2663 type NAT is also known as the most basic form of NAT. In a basic NAT, only the IP addresses, IP header checksum and any other higher level checksums that involves IP address need to be edited, leaving the remaining of the packet untouched. Basic NATs are usually used when there is a need to interconnect two IP networks with conflicting addressing. Although it is common to hide an entire IP address space, usually made up of private IP addresses behind either a single IP address or in another address space.

As mentioned, NAT enables communication through the router only when the conversion originates in the masked network, since this creates the translation tables. However, most up-to-date NAT devices allow the network administrator to configure translation table entries for permanent use. This is known as static NAT/port forwarding and it allows traffic from the outside network to reach their destination host in the masked network.

However, NAT has some grave flaws on the quality of Internet connectivity and requires careful attention to the details of its implementation. In particular, all types of NAT break the initial image model of IP end-to-end connectivity across the Internet and NAPT makes it difficult for systems behind a NAT to accept incoming communications. Thus NAT traversal methods have been implemented to ease the problems that occurred.

PAT, which is also known as Port Address Translation, on the other hand provides most services that are similar to what NAT provides, except that PAT allows many internal hosts to share a single external IP address and for users who does not need inbound connection support do not consume public IP addresses

1 comment:

  1. Jeremy's post allow me to understand network address translation better. He manage to explain it well in simple term without confusing readers. I learn a lot through his post. He gave me a better knowledge and understanding of the network address translation.

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